The Arab Ottoman and European Colonization of Africa

Τhe first phase of #Africa's #colonization, the era of the #Arab conquest — especially in North Africa (#Egypt, #Libya, #Tunisia, #Morocco), whose modern populations descend from the Arab conquerors of that period and thereafter.

The #Ottoman Empire inherited the region and continued its conquest, attempting — after the Arabization — a process of #Ottomanization. Slave markets and similar "institutions" operated throughout both the Arab domination and the Ottoman period. Arab influence also spread (though not as decisively as in North Africa) to parts of Northeast Africa due to proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, as well as to parts of Northwest Africa (#Mozambique). This very interesting publication presents an unknown aspect of African Resistance to Arab expansion in West Africa, starting from the #Ghana Empire. A history deliberately silenced for obvious reasons by the colonial powers (Arab – Ottoman – #European).